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Note portant sur l’auteur L’ENQUÊTE BIOGRAPHIE ET ENTOURAGE Le financement de l’ACI-Ville a contribué à la réalisation de la collecte de l’enquête « Biographies et Entourage ». Cette opération importante dont la collecte s’est déroulée de mars 2000 à septembre 2001 a permis de rassembler les témoignages de 2 830 Franciliens âgés de 50 à 70 ans L’enquête « Biographies et entourage » s’est attachée à retracer les trajectoires familiale, résidentielle et professionnelle des enquêtés et à étendre..

Do Votes Speak Louder than Motives? Moral Judgments and Tolerance in the 2016 Presidential Election

When judging a voter’s decision, does that voter’s reason for casting their vote influence moral and interpersonal judgments about them? In the context of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, past research suggests two competing predictions. First, people regularly account for an actor’s intentions when forming judgments of the actor, indicating that judgments may vary according to a voter’s motives. However, people are unlikely to see nuance among outgroups, especially amid divisive political partisanship, suggesting that judgments would ignore information about voters’ motives. In Study 1, results supported the first prediction, showing that both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump supporters distinguished between different voting motives when making moral and interpersonal judgments of outgroup voters. In Studies 2 and 3, when some voters’ motives became more extreme, Clinton and Trump supporters again distinguished between voting motives for outgroup and ingroup voters, respectively, albeit in a different pattern of results.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147150/1/asap12153.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147150/2/asap12153_am.pd

Nebraska Growers’ and Crop Consultants’ Knowledge and Implementation of Integrated Pest Management of Western Bean Cutworm

Western bean cutworm (WBC), Striacosta albicosta (Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a native noctuid pest of corn and dry beans in North America. While this pest has expanded its range greatly in recent years, historically it has consistently caused high yield losses in western Nebraska. A survey was distributed to growers, crop consultants and other agricultural professionals to obtain information about current management practices used for WBC. Questions covered multiple topics including: demographics, scouting practices, degree-day model use, confidence in management knowledge, Bt corn use, insecticide use, and considerations for biological control. There were 95 completed responses received by email. Respondents self-reported a significantly higher yield loss due to WBC in 2016 than in 2015 and 2014. Growers demonstrated less knowledge of WBC identification and management than crop consultants. There were frequent (58.45%) reports of Cry1F Bt corn providing decreased control against WBC. This survey identified major concerns for growers and agricultural professionals in Nebraska for WBC management. An improved understanding of WBC biology and education on management would be most beneficial for growers. Crop consultants would benefit from using more diverse management tactics including: biological control, rotation of insecticide mode-of-action, and diversifying Bt corn types

GenUI: interactive and extensible open source software platform for de novo molecular generation and cheminformatics

Many contemporary cheminformatics methods, including computer-aided de novo drug design, hold promise to significantly accelerate and reduce the cost of drug discovery. Thanks to this attractive outlook, the field has thrived and in the past few years has seen an especially significant growth, mainly due to the emergence of novel methods based on deep neural networks. This growth is also apparent in the development of novel de novo drug design methods with many new generative algorithms now available. However, widespread adoption of new generative techniques in the fields like medicinal chemistry or chemical biology is still lagging behind the most recent developments. Upon taking a closer look, this fact is not surprising since in order to successfully integrate the most recent de novo drug design methods in existing processes and pipelines, a close collaboration between diverse groups of experimental and theoretical scientists needs to be established. Therefore, to accelerate the adoption of both modern and traditional de novo molecular generators, we developed Generator User Interface (GenUI), a software platform that makes it possible to integrate molecular generators within a feature-rich graphical user interface that is easy to use by experts of diverse backgrounds. GenUI is implemented as a web service and its interfaces offer access to cheminformatics tools for data preprocessing, model building, molecule generation, and interactive chemical space visualization. Moreover, the platform is easy to extend with customizable frontend React.js components and backend Python extensions. GenUI is open source and a recently developed de novo molecular generator, DrugEx, was integrated as a proof of principle. In this work, we present the architecture and implementation details of GenUI and discuss how it can facilitate collaboration in the disparate communities interested in de novo molecular generation and computer-aided drug discovery.Medicinal Chemistr

Morphometric analysis of subcortical structures in progressive supranuclear palsy: In vivo evidence of neostriatal and mesencephalic atrophy

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by gait and postural disturbance, gaze palsy, apathy, decreased verbal fluency and dysexecutive symptoms, with some of these clinical features potentially having origins in degeneration of frontostriatal circuits and the mesencephalon. This hypothesis was investigated by manual segmentation of the caudate and putamen on MRI scans, using previously published protocols, in 15 subjects with PSP and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Midbrain atrophy was assessed by measurement of mid-sagittal area of the midbrain and pons. Shape analysis of the caudate and putamen was performed using spherical harmonics (SPHARM-PDM, University of North Carolina). The sagittal pons area/midbrain area ratio (P/M ratio) was significantly higher in the PSP group, consistent with previous findings. Significantly smaller striatal volumes were found in the PSP group - putamina were 10% smaller and caudate volumes were 17% smaller than in controls after controlling for age and intracranial volume. Shape analysis revealed significant shape deflation in PSP in the striatum, compared to controls; with regionally significant change relevant to frontostriatal and corticostriatal circuits in the caudate. Thus, in a clinically diagnosed and biomarker-confirmed cohort with early PSP, we demonstrate that neostriatal volume and shape are significantly reduced in vivo. The findings suggest a neostriatal and mesencephalic structural basis for the clinical features of PSP leading to frontostriatal and mesocortical-striatal circuit disruption. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Dysregulated Prefrontal Cortex Inhibition in Prepubescent and Adolescent Fragile X Mouse Model

Changes in excitation and inhibition are associated with the pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders of intellectual disability and autism and are widely described in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), essential for cognitive processing, excitatory connectivity and plasticity are found altered in the FXS mouse model, however, little is known about the state of inhibition. To that end, we investigated GABAergic signaling in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) knock out (Fmr1-KO) mouse medial PFC (mPFC). We report changes at the molecular, and functional levels of inhibition at three (prepubescence) and six (adolescence) postnatal weeks. Functional changes were most prominent during early postnatal development, resulting in stronger inhibition, through increased synaptic inhibitory drive and amplitude, and reduction of inhibitory short-term synaptic depression. Noise analysis of prepubescent post-synaptic currents demonstrated an increased number of receptors opening during peak current in Fmr1-KO inhibitory synapses. During adolescence amplitudes and plasticity changes normalized, however, the inhibitory drive was now reduced in Fmr1-KO, while synaptic kinetics were prolonged. Finally, adolescent GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha 2 and GABA(B) receptor subtype B1 expression levels were different in Fmr1-KOs than WT littermate controls. Together these results extend the degree of synaptic GABAergic alterations in FXS, now to the mPFC of Fmr1-KO mice, a behaviourally relevant brain region in neurodevelopmental disorder pathology

Deep learning from MRI-derived labels enables automatic brain tissue classification on human brain CT

Automatic methods for feature extraction, volumetry, and morphometric analysis in clinical neuroscience typically operate on images obtained with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging equipment. Although CT scans are less expensive to acquire and more widely available than MR scans, their application is currently limited to the visual assessment of brain integrity and the exclusion of co-pathologies. CT has rarely been used for tissue classification because the contrast between grey matter and white matter was considered insufficient. In this study, we propose an automatic method for segmenting grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and intracranial volume (ICV) from head CT images. A U-Net deep learning model was trained and validated on CT images with MRI-derived segmentation labels. We used data from 744 participants of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies for whom CT and T1-weighted MR images had been acquired on the same day. Our proposed model predicted brain tissue classes accurately from unseen CT images (Dice coefficients of 0.79, 0.82, 0.75, 0.93 and 0.98 for GM, WM, CSF, brain volume and ICV, respectively). To contextualize these results, we generated benchmarks based on established MR-based methods and intentional image degradation. Our findings demonstrate that CT-derived segmentations can be used to delineate and quantify brain tissues, opening new possibilities for the use of CT in clinical practice and research

Inter-rater agreement of comorbid DSM-IV personality disorders in substance abusers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little is known about the inter-rater agreement of personality disorders in clinical settings.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Clinicians rated 75 patients with substance use disorders on the DSM-IV criteria of personality disorders in random order, and on rating scales representing the severity of each.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Convergent validity agreement was moderate (range for r = 0.55, 0.67) for cluster B disorders rated with DSM-IV criteria, and discriminant validity was moderate for eight of the ten personality disorders. Convergent validity of the rating scales was only moderate for antisocial and narcissistic personality disorder.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Dimensional ratings may be used in research studies and clinical practice with some caution, and may be collected as one of several sources of information to describe the personality of a patient.</p

Rating of personality disorder features in popular movie characters

BACKGROUND: Tools for training professionals in rating personality disorders are few. We present one such tool: rating of fictional persons. However, before ratings of fictional persons can be useful, we need to know whether raters get the same results, when rating fictional characters. METHOD: Psychology students at the University of Copenhagen (N = 8) rated four different movie characters from four movies based on three systems: Global rating scales representing each of the 10 personality disorders in the DSM-IV, a criterion list of all criteria for all DSM-IV personality disorders in random order, and the Ten Item Personality Inventory for rating the five-factor model. Agreement was estimated based on intraclass-correlation. RESULTS: Agreement for rating scales for personality disorders ranged from 0.04 to 0.54. For personality disorder features based on DSM-IV criteria, agreement ranged from 0.24 to 0.89, and agreement for the five-factor model ranged from 0.05 to 0.88. The largest multivariate effect was observed for criteria count followed by the TIPI, followed by rating scales. Raters experienced personality disorder criteria as the easiest, and global personality disorder scales as the most difficult, but with significant variation between movies. CONCLUSION: Psychology students with limited or no clinical experience can agree well on the personality traits of movie characters based on watching the movie. Rating movie characters may be a way to practice assessment of personality